
「READING」
英语从句总让不少人头疼:连接词混用、语序颠倒、时态混乱……
其实掌握规律就能突破!
本文系统整理主语、宾语等 5 大从句的核心知识点与使用规则,从定义到用法层层拆解,还配套专项练习及时巩固。跟着学、对着练,从句难点轻松攻克!
一、主语从句
核心知识点
定义:在句中充当主语成分的从句,本质相当于名词,回答 “什么事 / 什么情况”。
展开剩余97%连接词:
that(无实际意义,不可省略)
whether(表 “是否”)
what/when/where/why/how 等疑问词(表具体疑问含义)
that(无实际意义,不可省略)
whether(表 “是否”)
what/when/where/why/how 等疑问词(表具体疑问含义)
句式特点:直接位于句首时可能显头重脚轻,常用 “it 作形式主语 + 从句后置” 的结构。
使用规则
语序要求:从句必须用陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后),不可用疑问语序。
错误:What is he doing is unclear.
正确:What he is doing is unclear.(他在做什么还不清楚。)
形式主语用法:当从句较长时,用 “it + 形容词 / 名词 + that/wh - 从句” 结构,it 无实际意义。
例:It’s necessary that we practice English daily.(我们每天练习英语是必要的。)
连接词选择:
表肯定陈述用 that;
表 “是否” 用 whether(不可用 if);
表具体疑问用对应 wh - 词。
表肯定陈述用 that;
表 “是否” 用 whether(不可用 if);
表具体疑问用对应 wh - 词。
例:Whether she will attend the meeting is unknown.(她是否参会还不清楚。)
二、宾语从句
核心知识点
定义:在句中充当宾语成分的从句,常位于及物动词、介词或某些形容词(如 sure/glad)后。
三大核心考点:连接词选择、从句语序、主从句时态呼应。
连接词分类:
that(引导陈述句,可省略)
whether/if(引导一般疑问句,表 “是否”)
wh - 疑问词(引导特殊疑问句)
that(引导陈述句,可省略)
whether/if(引导一般疑问句,表 “是否”)
wh - 疑问词(引导特殊疑问句)
使用规则
语序规则:无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,从句一律用陈述语序。
错误:I don’t know where is he.
正确:I don’t know where he is.(我不知道他在哪里。)
时态呼应:
主句为一般现在时,从句可根据实际用任意时态。例:She says she will go tomorrow.(她说她明天要走。)
主句为一般过去时,从句需用相应过去时态(客观真理仍用一般现在时)。例:He told me the moon goes around the earth.(他告诉我月亮绕地球转。)
主句为一般现在时,从句可根据实际用任意时态。例:She says she will go tomorrow.(她说她明天要走。)
主句为一般过去时,从句需用相应过去时态(客观真理仍用一般现在时)。例:He told me the moon goes around the earth.(他告诉我月亮绕地球转。)
特殊注意:
介词后表 “是否” 只用 whether,不用 if。例:I’m worried about whether he can arrive on time.(我担心他能否准时到。)
主句谓语为 think/believe/suppose 等时,从句否定转移至主句。例:I don’t think he is wrong.(我认为他没错。)
介词后表 “是否” 只用 whether,不用 if。例:I’m worried about whether he can arrive on time.(我担心他能否准时到。)
主句谓语为 think/believe/suppose 等时,从句否定转移至主句。例:I don’t think he is wrong.(我认为他没错。)
三、定语从句
核心知识点
定义:修饰句中名词或代词(即 “先行词”)的从句,相当于形容词,常译为 “…… 的(人 / 物 / 时间等)”。
三大要素:
先行词(被修饰的词)
关系词(连接主句与从句,分关系代词 / 副词)
从句语序(陈述语序)
先行词(被修饰的词)
关系词(连接主句与从句,分关系代词 / 副词)
从句语序(陈述语序)
关系词功能:既起连接作用,又在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。
使用规则
关系代词用法:
that:可指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语(作宾语可省略)。例:The girl that is singing is my sister.(正在唱歌的女孩是我妹妹。)
who/whom:指人,who 作主语,whom 作宾语(可省略)。例:The man (whom) you met yesterday is our teacher.(你昨天见到的男人是我们老师。)
which:指物,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。例:The book (which) I bought is useful.(我买的书很有用。)
whose:指人或物的 “所有格”,作定语。例:The boy whose bag is lost is crying.(丢了包的男孩在哭。)
that:可指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语(作宾语可省略)。例:The girl that is singing is my sister.(正在唱歌的女孩是我妹妹。)
who/whom:指人,who 作主语,whom 作宾语(可省略)。例:The man (whom) you met yesterday is our teacher.(你昨天见到的男人是我们老师。)
which:指物,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。例:The book (which) I bought is useful.(我买的书很有用。)
whose:指人或物的 “所有格”,作定语。例:The boy whose bag is lost is crying.(丢了包的男孩在哭。)
关系副词用法:
when:指时间,在从句中作状语,先行词多为 time/day 等。例:I remember the day when we first met.(我记得我们第一次见面的那天。)
where:指地点,在从句中作状语,先行词多为 place/room 等。例:This is the school where I studied.(这是我上学的学校。)
why:指原因,在从句中作状语,先行词多为 reason。例:Do you know the reason why he was late?(你知道他迟到的原因吗?)
非限定性定语从句:用逗号与主句隔开,不可用 that,指人用 who,指物用 which。例:His bike, which is new, was stolen.(他那辆新自行车被偷了。)
when:指时间,在从句中作状语,先行词多为 time/day 等。例:I remember the day when we first met.(我记得我们第一次见面的那天。)
where:指地点,在从句中作状语,先行词多为 place/room 等。例:This is the school where I studied.(这是我上学的学校。)
why:指原因,在从句中作状语,先行词多为 reason。例:Do you know the reason why he was late?(你知道他迟到的原因吗?)
非限定性定语从句:用逗号与主句隔开,不可用 that,指人用 who,指物用 which。例:His bike, which is new, was stolen.(他那辆新自行车被偷了。)
四、状语从句
核心知识点
定义:修饰句中动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的从句,主要说明 “时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、结果、目的” 等情境。
分类依据:按表达的逻辑关系分类,不同类型对应专属连接词,从句均用陈述语序。
使用规则
时间状语从句
时间状语从句
连接词:
when(当…… 时,动作可延续可短暂)
while(正当…… 时,动作需延续)
until(直到……)
when(当…… 时,动作可延续可短暂)
while(正当…… 时,动作需延续)
until(直到……)
例:While my mother was cooking, I was doing homework.(妈妈做饭时,我在写作业。)
原因状语从句
原因状语从句
连接词:
because(因为,回答 why 提问)
since(既然,表已知原因)
as(由于,语气较弱)。
because(因为,回答 why 提问)
since(既然,表已知原因)
as(由于,语气较弱)。
禁忌:because 不可与 so 连用。例:He didn’t go to school because he was ill.(他没上学,因为病了。)
条件状语从句
条件状语从句
连接词:
if(如果)
unless(除非,相当于 if not)
if(如果)
unless(除非,相当于 if not)
规则:遵循 “主将从现”(主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时)。例:Unless it snows, we will go hiking.(除非下雪,否则我们去徒步。)
让步状语从句
让步状语从句
连接词:though/although(虽然)
禁忌:不可与 but 连用。例:Although it rained, we enjoyed the trip.(虽然下雨了,但我们旅途很愉快。)
目的状语从句
目的状语从句
连接词:
so that(为了)
in order that(为了,语气更正式)
so that(为了)
in order that(为了,语气更正式)
例:She studies hard so that she can pass the exam.(她努力学习是为了能通过考试。)
五、表语从句
核心知识点
定义:在句中位于系动词(be/seem/become/look/prove 等)后,充当表语成分的从句,说明主语的 “性质、身份、特征、情况” 等。
连接词:与主语从句一致,包括 that(无意义,不可省略)、whether(表 “是否”)、wh - 疑问词、as if/though(好像)等。
本质特征:从句相当于名词性表语,回答 “主语是什么 / 怎么样”。
使用规则
语序要求:必须用陈述语序,不可倒装。
错误:The question is when will he come. 正确:The question is when he will come.(问题是他什么时候来。)
连接词选择:
表肯定陈述用 that。例:My idea is that we should start early.(我的想法是我们应该早点出发。)
表 “是否” 用 whether(不用 if)。例:The problem is whether we have enough money.(问题是我们是否有足够的钱。)
表具体疑问用 wh - 词。例:That’s why he refused the invitation.(那就是他拒绝邀请的原因。)
表比喻用 as if/though。例:She looks as if she is tired.(她看起来好像累了。)
表肯定陈述用 that。例:My idea is that we should start early.(我的想法是我们应该早点出发。)
表 “是否” 用 whether(不用 if)。例:The problem is whether we have enough money.(问题是我们是否有足够的钱。)
表具体疑问用 wh - 词。例:That’s why he refused the invitation.(那就是他拒绝邀请的原因。)
表比喻用 as if/though。例:She looks as if she is tired.(她看起来好像累了。)
特殊结构:当主语是 reason 时,表语从句常用 that 引导,不用 why(固定句式:The reason is that…)。
错误:The reason for his absence is why he was ill. 正确:The reason for his absence is that he was ill.(他缺席的原因是病了。)
练习题
一、填空题(30 题)
1、______ he will come or not depends on the weather.(主语从句)
2、It’s important ______ we should learn from each other.(主语从句)
3、______ she said made all of us surprised.(主语从句)
4、I don’t know ______ the meeting will start.(宾语从句)
5、He asked me ______ I had seen his keys.(宾语从句)
6、We are talking about ______ we can solve the problem.(宾语从句)
7、The girl ______ is standing there is my classmate.(定语从句)
8、This is the book ______ I bought yesterday.(定语从句)
9、I still remember the day ______ we first met.(定语从句)
10、The house ______ windows are red belongs to my uncle.(定语从句)
11、He didn’t go to school ______ he was ill.(状语从句 - 原因)
12、______ it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(状语从句 - 条件)
13、______ she is young, she knows a lot.(状语从句 - 让步)
14、I was watching TV ______ my mother came back.(状语从句 - 时间)
15、She studies hard ______ she can get good grades.(状语从句 - 目的)
16、My hope is ______ I can travel around the world.(表语从句)
17、The question is ______ we can finish the work on time.(表语从句)
18、That’s ______ he didn’t attend the party.(表语从句)
19、It’s a pity ______ you missed the concert.(主语从句)
20、Do you know ______ the nearest hospital is?(宾语从句)
21、The man ______ you talked to is our new teacher.(定语从句)
22、______ you have finished your homework, you can watch TV.(状语从句 - 条件)
23、The reason why he was late is ______ he got up late.(表语从句)
24、______ happens, I will stand by you.(状语从句 - 让步)
25、I don’t remember ______ I put my umbrella.(宾语从句)
26、The car ______ was parked here just now is gone.(定语从句)
27、______ he will join us is still unknown.(主语从句)
28、She looks ______ she hasn’t slept for days.(表语从句)
29、We will wait ______ you come back.(状语从句 - 时间)
30、This is the reason ______ he refused the offer.(定语从句)
二、选择题(30 题)
1、______ knows the secret will not tell anyone.(主语从句)
A. Who B. Whoever C. Whom D. Whose
2、It’s strange ______ she didn’t come to the party.(主语从句)
A. that B. if C. whether D. what
3、I wonder ______ he will accept my invitation.(宾语从句)
A. that B. if C. what D. which
4、He told me ______ he had visited the Great Wall twice.(宾语从句)
A. which B. when C. that D. where
5、The teacher asked ______ was the best student in our class.(宾语从句)
A. who B. whom C. which D. what
6、This is the room ______ we lived last year.(定语从句)
A. that B. which C. where D. when
7、The girl ______ father is a doctor is my friend.(定语从句)
A. who B. whose C. whom D. that
8、I have a book ______ tells about the history of China.(定语从句)
A. what B. which C. who D. where
9、______ it is hot today, we still work outside.(状语从句 - 让步)
A. Because B. If C. Though D. When
10、She will call you ______ she arrives in Beijing.(状语从句 - 时间)
A. as soon as B. because C. though D. if
11、You will fail the exam ______ you study hard.(状语从句 - 条件)
A. if B. unless C. because D. when
12、He cried ______ he lost his favorite toy.(状语从句 - 原因)
A. so B. because C. though D. if
13、My dream is ______ I can become a scientist.(表语从句)
A. that B. what C. if D. whether
14、The problem is ______ we can get enough money.(表语从句)
A. that B. if C. whether D. what
15、That’s ______ I want to say.(表语从句)
A. that B. what C. if D. when
16、______ you do, please don’t give up.(状语从句 - 让步)
A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. However
17、I don’t know ______ dress I should choose.(宾语从句)
A. which B. what C. who D. whom
18、The day ______ I was born is very important to my parents.(定语从句)
A. which B. when C. where D. that
19、______ he is very busy, he always helps me.(状语从句 - 让步)
A. Because B. Though C. If D. When
20、It’s necessary ______ we should protect the environment.(主语从句)
A. that B. if C. whether D. what
21、She asked me ______ I liked English or not.(宾语从句)
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
22、The man ______ is talking to our teacher is my father.(定语从句)
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
23、We will go hiking ______ the weather is fine tomorrow.(状语从句 - 条件)
A. if B. because C. though D. when
24、The reason for his success is ______ he works hard.(表语从句)
A. why B. that C. what D. if
25、______ you need help, please call me.(状语从句 - 条件)
A. Whenever B. Whatever C. Wherever D. However
26、I don’t remember ______ I met him for the first time.(宾语从句)
A. where B. that C. if D. which
27、The book ______ cover is blue is mine.(定语从句)
A. who B. which C. whose D. that
28、______ she didn’t study hard, she passed the exam.(状语从句 - 让步)
A. Because B. Though C. If D. When
29、My wish is ______ I can go to college.(表语从句)
A. that B. what C. if D. whether
30、______ he said made me very happy.(主语从句)
A. What B. That C. Which D. Who
三、句子改写题(20 句)
1、He will come back. It is certain.(合并为主语从句)
2、She said something. It surprised us all.(合并为主语从句)
3、“Where is the nearest bank?” I asked.(改为宾语从句)
4、“Do you like swimming?” He asked me.(改为宾语从句)
5、This is a factory. My father works in the factory.(合并为定语从句)
6、I will never forget the day. I joined the army on that day.(合并为定语从句)
7、He was ill. He didn’t go to work.(合并为状语从句 - 原因)
8、It rains. We will cancel the picnic.(合并为状语从句 - 条件)
9、She is young. She can speak three languages.(合并为状语从句 - 让步)
10、He finished his homework. He went to bed.(合并为状语从句 - 时间)
11、My idea is this. We should have a meeting.(合并为表语从句)
12、“Is he coming?” The question is.(合并为表语从句)
13、“What time will the train arrive?” Please tell me.(改为宾语从句)
14、This is the girl. Her mother is a teacher.(合并为定语从句)
15、He studies hard. He wants to get good grades.(合并为状语从句 - 目的)
16、The news is true. He won the first prize.(合并为主语从句)
17、“How did you solve the problem?” She asked me.(改为宾语从句)
18、This is the place. I lived here when I was young.(合并为定语从句)
19、It is cold. They still go swimming.(合并为状语从句 - 让步)
20、The problem is this. We don’t have enough time.(合并为表语从句)
参考答案
一、填空题答案
1. Whether 2. that 3. What 4. when 5. if/whether 6. how 7. who/that 8. that/which 9. when 10. whose 11. because 12. If 13. Though/Although 14. when 15. so that 16. that 17. whether 18. why 19. that 20. where 21. whom/who/that 22. If 23. that 24. Whatever 25. where 26. that/which 27. Whether 28. as if/though 29. until 30. why
二、选择题答案
1.B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. A
三、句子改写题答案
1、It is certain that he will come back.
2、What she said surprised us all.
3、I asked where the nearest bank was.
4、He asked me if/whether I liked swimming.
5、This is the factory where my father works./This is the factory in which my father works.
6、I will never forget the day when I joined the army./I will never forget the day on which I joined the army.
7、He didn’t go to work because he was ill.
8、If it rains, we will cancel the picnic.
9、Though/Although she is young, she can speak three languages.
10、He went to bed when he finished his homework./After he finished his homework, he went to bed.
11、My idea is that we should have a meeting.
12、The question is whether he is coming.
13、Please tell me what time the train will arrive.
14、This is the girl whose mother is a teacher.
15、He studies hard so that he can get good grades.
16、The news that he won the first prize is true./It is true that he won the first prize.
17、She asked me how I had solved the problem.
18、This is the place where I lived when I was young./This is the place in which I lived when I was young.
19、Though/Although it is cold, they still go swimming.
20、The problem is that we don’t have enough time.
「ENDING」
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